{"id":8125,"date":"2022-05-11T16:50:35","date_gmt":"2022-05-11T09:50:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tusachtiasang.org\/?p=8125"},"modified":"2023-08-13T15:27:58","modified_gmt":"2023-08-13T08:27:58","slug":"review-sapiens-luoc-su-loai-nguoi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tusachtiasang.org\/review-sapiens-luoc-su-loai-nguoi\/","title":{"rendered":"Review Sapiens – L\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sapiens L\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong> \u2013 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c chi\u00eam bao thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u0103n nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3 mang t\u00ean v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf \u0111ang c\u01b0 tr\u00fa nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t tr\u00ean sa m\u1ea1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Yuval Noah Harari <\/b>c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u 4 ph\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc. Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u201clo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p, \u0111\u00f3ng vai b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea1n s\u1ee3 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch sau s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o khoa kh\u00f4 khan, v\u00f4 v\u1ecb, gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, sinh h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n t\u1eebng h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do v\u00ec sao Bill Gates ng\u1ee3i khen h\u1ebft l\u1eddi Harari l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 \u201clo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i\u201d trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, homo sapiens ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1ee3n lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbn. Lo\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1ee3n lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbn \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i tinh tinh, kh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed9t, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0\u01a1i ng\u00e0y nay. Trong \u0111\u00f3, lo\u00e0i sapiens (tinh kh\u00f4n) thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 chi Homo (ng\u01b0\u1eddi). Sau khi Homo floresiensis tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eeb 45.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, homo sapiens l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i. Do v\u1eady, ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Homo sapiens \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay.<\/span><\/p>\n

13,5 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00ed, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua 9 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo th\u00ec Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n, c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n, lo\u00e0i Homo sapiens ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Phi sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u giao ti\u1ebfp, trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin, r\u1ed3i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00f4ng minh c\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, Homo sapiens s\u1ebd b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng si\u00eau nh\u00e2n ch\u0103ng? \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Yuval Noah Harari l\u1ed9t tr\u1ea7n th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn sau l\u1edbp \u00e1o mang t\u00ean v\u0103n minh, ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1edfi m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ef1c th\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t suy\u201d r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1ng tro l\u1ee5i t\u00e0n \u1ea5y m\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ed3i sinh. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 homo sapiens duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, ta bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng thay v\u00ec \u201cc\u00e1i ch\u1ebft nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ebft b\u1edfi bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n sau \u201ccu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n gi\u1eefa khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c\u201d. H\u00e3y th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh kh\u1ecfi gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac c\u00f9ng Yuval Noah Harari xem l\u1ea1i n\u00e0o c\u00e1c homo sapiens c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c: c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang d\u1ea7n gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh khi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe m\u00e0 ch\u0103m b\u1eb5m Sapiens n\u1eefa hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i trang s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n Harari c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 nhanh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi so v\u1edbi quy lu\u1eadt, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u00e1p ch\u00f3t trong danh s\u00e1ch chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c. T\u1eeb h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1eadp x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00fat t\u1ee7y bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c sau khi m\u1ed9t con th\u00fa hung m\u00e3nh s\u0103n m\u1ed3i, khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ch\u00f3 r\u1eebng, linh c\u1ea9u nh\u1eb7t nh\u1ea1nh \u0103n th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u00fat x\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ea9u c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, n\u1ebfu x\u00e9t \u1edf m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee7ng t\u1ea7ng ozon, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u00ean tai, h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n, l\u0169 l\u1ee5t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng cao do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o. Ngay khi m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u x\u1ea3y ra, nh\u01b0 Harari n\u00f3i chu\u1ed9t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n s\u1ebd chui ra t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t, ph\u00e1t huy kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 gen. Sau ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m n\u1eefa, lo\u00e0i chu\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng minh s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c t\u1ef1 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u1ee7ng long tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong khi c\u00e1c Sapiens \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a, h\u1ecd tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1i v\u1ecb s\u1edbm trong h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, v\u1edbi hai ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 g\u1ea7n nhau, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn tranh trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c Sapiens nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 suy nghi\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch lo l\u1eafng gi\u1eefa c\u1eeda v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1edd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y ra l\u0103n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t trong hai h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean m\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

500 trang s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta \u0103n m\u1eebng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u00edch ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Sapiens hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng chu\u1ed9t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec ho\u00e0ng kim c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u00fang ta c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1t vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, x\u1ecf ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfc gi\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"l\u01b0\u1ee3c
\u1ea2nh: Voso.vn<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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Danh sách<\/p>\n